How the Friedewald Formula Works
The Friedewald equation calculates LDL cholesterol indirectly:
LDL = Total Cholesterol − HDL − (Triglycerides ÷ 5)
This formula estimates VLDL cholesterol as triglycerides divided by 5, then subtracts both HDL and VLDL from total cholesterol to get LDL.
Important: The Friedewald formula is not accurate when triglycerides exceed 400 mg/dL. For high triglyceride levels, direct LDL measurement is needed.
LDL Cholesterol Ranges
| LDL (mg/dL) | Category |
|---|---|
| Less than 100 | Optimal |
| 100 - 129 | Near Optimal |
| 130 - 159 | Borderline High |
| 160 - 189 | High |
| 190 or higher | Very High |
Why LDL Matters
LDL (low-density lipoprotein) carries cholesterol to your arteries. When LDL is high, cholesterol can build up in artery walls, forming plaques that increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
However, LDL cholesterol concentration doesn't tell the whole story. The number and size of LDL particles also matter. Consider checking non-HDL cholesterol for a more complete picture.
How to Lower LDL Cholesterol
- Reduce saturated fat — Less than 7% of daily calories
- Eliminate trans fats — Check labels for partially hydrogenated oils
- Eat more soluble fibre — Oats, beans, apples, and psyllium
- Add plant sterols — Found in fortified foods and supplements
- Exercise regularly — Can modestly lower LDL while raising HDL
- Consider medication — Statins are highly effective if lifestyle changes aren't enough